Pendulum example (demo_IRR_pendulum.cpp)

Create some swinging pendulums, anchored to sliding joints. They move when the fan pushes some air toward them.

This tutorial shows how to:

• create a pendulum
• apply custom forces using 'force accumulators' (the simplified aereodinamic drag, in this case)
• create constraints with upper-lower limits (the horizontal sliding joints between pendula and truss)

// =============================================================================
// PROJECT CHRONO - http://projectchrono.org
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 projectchrono.org
// All rights reserved.
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be found
// in the LICENSE file at the top level of the distribution and at
// http://projectchrono.org/license-chrono.txt.
//
// =============================================================================
// Authors: Alessandro Tasora
// =============================================================================
//
// Demo code about
//     - creating a pendulum
//     - apply custom forces using accumulators
//     - creating constraints with limits
//     - 3D viewing with the Irrlicht library
//
// =============================================================================
 
#include "chrono/physics/ChSystemNSC.h"
#include "chrono/physics/ChBodyEasy.h"
#include "chrono/core/ChTimer.h"
#include "chrono/core/ChRealtimeStep.h"
 
#include "chrono_irrlicht/ChIrrApp.h"
 
// Use the namespaces of Chrono
using namespace chrono;
using namespace chrono::irrlicht;
 
// Use the main namespaces of Irrlicht
using namespace irr;
using namespace irr::core;
using namespace irr::scene;
using namespace irr::video;
using namespace irr::io;
using namespace irr::gui;
 
// This function will be used to apply forces caused by
// a rotating fan, to all objects in front of it (a simple
// example just to demonstrate how to apply custom forces).
 
void apply_fan_force(ChSystemNSC* msystem,    // contains all bodies
                     ChCoordsys<>& fan_csys,  // pos and rotation of fan
                     double aradius,          // radius of fan
                     double aspeed,           // speed of fan
                     double adensity)         // density (heuristic)
{
    for (auto body : msystem->Get_bodylist()) {
        // Remember to reset 'user forces accumulators':
        body->Empty_forces_accumulators();
 
        // initialize speed of air (steady, if outside fan stream):
        ChVector<> abs_wind(0, 0, 0);
 
        // calculate the position of body COG in fan coordinates:
        ChVector<> mrelpos = fan_csys.TransformParentToLocal(body->GetPos());
        ChVector<> mrelpos_ondisc = mrelpos;
        mrelpos_ondisc.z() = 0;
 
        if (mrelpos.z() > 0)  // if not behind fan..
            if (mrelpos_ondisc.Length() < aradius) {
                // OK! we are inside wind stream cylinder..
                // wind is directed as normal to the fan disc
                abs_wind = fan_csys.TransformLocalToParent(ChVector<>(0, 0, 1));
                // wind inside fan stream is constant speed
                abs_wind *= -aspeed;
            }
 
        // force proportional to relative speed body-wind
        // and fluid density (NOTE! pretty simplified physics..)
        ChVector<> abs_force = (abs_wind - body->GetPos_dt()) * adensity;
        // apply this force at the body COG
        body->Accumulate_force(abs_force, body->GetPos(), false);
    }
}
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    GetLog() << "Copyright (c) 2017 projectchrono.org\nChrono version: " << CHRONO_VERSION << "\n\n";
 
    // Create a ChronoENGINE physical system
    ChSystemNSC my_system;
 
    // Create the Irrlicht visualization (open the Irrlicht device,
    // bind a simple user interface, etc. etc.)
    ChIrrApp application(&my_system, L"A simple pendulum example", core::dimension2d<u32>(800, 600), false, false);
 
    // Easy shortcuts to add logo, camera, lights and sky in Irrlicht scene:
    ChIrrWizard::add_typical_Logo(application.GetDevice());
    ChIrrWizard::add_typical_Sky(application.GetDevice());
    ChIrrWizard::add_typical_Lights(application.GetDevice());
    ChIrrWizard::add_typical_Camera(application.GetDevice(), core::vector3df(0, 14, -20));
 
    //
    // Create all the rigid bodies!!!!
    //
 
    // ..create the five pendulums
 
    for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
        double z_step = (double)k * 2.;
 
        // .. the truss
        auto mrigidBody0 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChBodyEasyBox>(5, 1, 0.5,  // x,y,z size
                                                                    100,        // density
                                                                    true,       // visualization?
                                                                    false);     // collision?
        mrigidBody0->SetPos(ChVector<>(0, 0, z_step));
        mrigidBody0->SetBodyFixed(true);  // the truss does not move!
        my_system.Add(mrigidBody0);
 
        auto mrigidBody1 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChBodyEasyBox>(1, 6, 1,  // x,y,z size
                                                                    1,        // density
                                                                    true,     // visualization?
                                                                    false);   // collision?
        mrigidBody1->SetPos(ChVector<>(0, -3, z_step));
        my_system.Add(mrigidBody1);
 
        auto mrigidBody2 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChBodyEasyBox>(1, 6, 1,  // x,y,z size
                                                                    1,        // density
                                                                    true,     // visualization?
                                                                    false);   // collision?
        mrigidBody2->SetPos(ChVector<>(0, -9, z_step));
        my_system.Add(mrigidBody2);
 
        auto mrigidBody3 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChBodyEasyBox>(6, 1, 1,  // x,y,z size
                                                                    1,        // density
                                                                    true,     // visualization?
                                                                    false);   // collision?
        mrigidBody3->SetPos(ChVector<>(3, -12, z_step));
        my_system.Add(mrigidBody3);
 
        //
        // Create the links between bodies!!!!
        //
 
        // .. a joint of type 'point on a line', with upper and lower limits on
        //    the X sliding direction, for the pendulum-ground constraint.
        auto my_link_01 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChLinkLockPointLine>();
        my_link_01->Initialize(mrigidBody1, mrigidBody0, ChCoordsys<>(ChVector<>(0, 0, z_step)));
 
        my_link_01->GetLimit_X().SetActive(true);
        my_link_01->GetLimit_X().SetMax(1.0);
        my_link_01->GetLimit_X().SetMin(-1.0);
 
        my_system.AddLink(my_link_01);
 
        // .. a spherical joint
        auto my_link_12 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChLinkLockSpherical>();
        my_link_12->Initialize(mrigidBody2, mrigidBody1, ChCoordsys<>(ChVector<>(0, -6, z_step)));
        my_system.AddLink(my_link_12);
 
        // .. a spherical joint
        auto my_link_23 = chrono_types::make_shared<ChLinkLockSpherical>();
        my_link_23->Initialize(mrigidBody3, mrigidBody2, ChCoordsys<>(ChVector<>(0, -12, z_step)));
        my_system.AddLink(my_link_23);     
    }
 
    //
    // THE SOFT-REAL-TIME CYCLE
    //
 
    // Create a 'fan ventilator' object, using Irrlicht mesh loading and handling 
    // (this object is here for aesthetical reasons, it is NOT handled by Chrono)
    double fan_radius = 5.3;
    IAnimatedMesh* fanMesh = application.GetSceneManager()->getMesh(GetChronoDataFile("models/fan2.obj").c_str());
    IAnimatedMeshSceneNode* fanNode = application.GetSceneManager()->addAnimatedMeshSceneNode(fanMesh);
    fanNode->setScale(irr::core::vector3df((irr::f32)fan_radius, (irr::f32)fan_radius, (irr::f32)fan_radius));
 
    // Use this function for adding a ChIrrNodeAsset to all items
    // Otherwise use application.AssetBind(myitem); on a per-item basis.
    application.AssetBindAll();
 
    // Use this function for 'converting' assets into Irrlicht meshes
    application.AssetUpdateAll();
 
    application.SetTimestep(0.01);
    application.SetTryRealtime(true);
 
    //application.GetSystem()->SetSolverType(ChSolver::Type::BARZILAIBORWEIN); // if you need a more precise CCP solver..
 
 
    while (application.GetDevice()->run()) {
        // Irrlicht must prepare frame to draw
        application.BeginScene(true, true, SColor(255, 140, 161, 192));
 
        // Irrlicht application draws all 3D objects and all GUI items
        application.DrawAll();
 
        // Draw also a grid on the horizontal XZ plane
        ChIrrTools::drawGrid(application.GetVideoDriver(), 2, 2, 20, 20,
                             ChCoordsys<>(ChVector<>(0, -20, 0), Q_from_AngX(CH_C_PI_2)),
                             video::SColor(255, 80, 100, 100), true);
 
        // Update the position of the spinning fan (an Irrlicht
        // node, which is here just for aesthetical reasons!)
        ChQuaternion<> my_fan_rotation;
        my_fan_rotation.Q_from_AngY(my_system.GetChTime() * -0.5);
        ChQuaternion<> my_fan_spin;
        my_fan_spin.Q_from_AngZ(my_system.GetChTime() * 4);
        ChCoordsys<> my_fan_coord(ChVector<>(12, -6, 0), my_fan_rotation);
        ChFrame<> my_fan_framerotation(my_fan_coord);
        ChFrame<> my_fan_framespin(ChCoordsys<>(VNULL, my_fan_spin));
        ChCoordsys<> my_fan_coordsys = (my_fan_framespin >> my_fan_framerotation).GetCoord();
        ChIrrTools::alignIrrlichtNodeToChronoCsys(fanNode, my_fan_coordsys);
 
        // Apply forces caused by fan & wind if Chrono rigid bodies are
        // in front of the fan, using a simple tutorial function (see above):
        apply_fan_force(&my_system, my_fan_coord, fan_radius, 5.2, 0.5);
 
        // HERE CHRONO INTEGRATION IS PERFORMED: THE
        // TIME OF THE SIMULATION ADVANCES FOR A SINGLE
        // STEP:
        application.DoStep();
 
        application.EndScene();
    }
 
    return 0;
}